vk_compute_pass: Explicitly cast to VkAccessFlags

According to the standard, a narrowing conversion is an implicit conversion from an integer or unscoped enumeration type to an integer type that cannot represent all the values of the original type, except when the value is a literal or constant expression.
MSVC, unlike GCC or Clang, determines this to be a narrowing conversion despite the enumeration exclusively containing values that fit within the range of a 32 bit integer, emitting a warning since designated initializers prohibit narrowing conversions.
To solve this, explicitly cast to the type we are initializing.

yuzu: Make variable shadowing a compile-time error

core: centralize profile scope for Dynarmic

vk_compute_pass: Use VK_ACCESS_NONE

input_common: Replace usage of string guid to common uuid

This enumeration was introduced in Vulkan 1.3, prefer using this instead of defaulting the enum.

Also resolves a narrowing conversion warning on MSVC.

general: fix compilation on GCC 12

vk_compute_pass: Silence Wextra warning

Silences a warning about using enumerated and non-enumerated types in a conditional expression.

structured_control_flow: Remove constexpr Flow::Block

This seems to be unsupported in newer libstdc++ versions due to
Flow::Block's base class being a non-literal type. It's not clear to me
why this was permitted in earlier versions.

CpuManager: simplify pausing

Removing this as we don't enforce unused parameter warnings elsewhere in the project, and explicitly specify -Wno-unused-parameter in the main CMakeLists.

Now that the entire project is free of variable shadowing, we can enforce this as a compile time error to prevent any further introduction of this logic bug.

GCC/Clang treats variables within lambdas as potentially shadowing those outside the lambda, despite them not being captured inside the lambda's capture list.